Science & Technology in Development — UPSC CSE Questions

10 UPSC CSE practice questions on Science & Technology in Development, part of Indian Economy. Below are 10 of them in full, each with the answer and a written explanation.

Questions & explanations

1. Consider the following statements about technology missions in agriculture: 1. NAMO Drone Didi aims to empower women through drone-based livelihoods. 2. e-Choupal was a government scheme to nationalise mandis. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. (a) 1 only
  2. (b) 2 only
  3. (c) Both 1 and 2
  4. (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Answer: (a) 1 only

Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect: e-Choupal was a private ITC initiative connecting farmers via internet kiosks, not a government scheme to nationalise mandis.

2. Consider the following components of PM-KUSUM: 1. Setting up decentralised grid-connected solar power plants. 2. Installation of standalone solar agricultural pumps. 3. Solarisation of existing grid-connected agricultural pumps. Which of the above are components of PM-KUSUM?

  1. (a) 1 and 2 only
  2. (b) 2 and 3 only
  3. (c) 1 and 3 only
  4. (d) 1, 2 and 3

Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3

All three are PM-KUSUM components: Component A (solar plants), Component B (standalone solar pumps) and Component C (solarisation of existing grid-connected pumps).

3. The unified digital public infrastructure for agriculture under the Digital Agriculture Mission is commonly referred to as:

  1. (a) AgriStack
  2. (b) IndiaStack only
  3. (c) UPI
  4. (d) GeM

Answer: (a) AgriStack

AgriStack is the set of farmer registries, crop-sown data and geo-referenced maps forming the digital public infrastructure under the Digital Agriculture Mission.

4. e-Choupal, an ICT-based initiative for farmers, was launched by which entity?

  1. (a) NABARD
  2. (b) ITC Limited
  3. (c) Reliance
  4. (d) Government of India

Answer: (b) ITC Limited

e-Choupal was launched by ITC Limited in 2000 to connect farmers to markets and information through village internet kiosks managed by a 'sanchalak'.

5. PM-KUSUM seeks to make the farmer both an 'annadata' (food provider) and a/an:

  1. (a) Jaldata
  2. (b) Urjadata (energy provider)
  3. (c) Gyaandata
  4. (d) Beejdata

Answer: (b) Urjadata (energy provider)

By enabling farmers to generate and sell solar power, PM-KUSUM aims to make the farmer both annadata (food provider) and urjadata (energy provider).

6. The original 1980s Technology Missions included a mission on oilseeds that is associated with the:

  1. (a) Green Revolution
  2. (b) White Revolution
  3. (c) Yellow Revolution
  4. (d) Blue Revolution

Answer: (c) Yellow Revolution

The Technology Mission on Oilseeds is associated with the Yellow Revolution, which aimed to boost oilseed production and reduce edible-oil imports.

7. e-NAM (National Agriculture Market), a pan-India electronic trading portal for agricultural commodities, was launched in:

  1. (a) 2014
  2. (b) 2016
  3. (c) 2019
  4. (d) 2021

Answer: (b) 2016

e-NAM was launched in 2016 to network APMC mandis into a unified online national market for transparent price discovery and inter-state trade.

8. The full form of PM-KUSUM relates to which sector?

  1. (a) Solar energy in agriculture
  2. (b) Urban housing
  3. (c) Skill development
  4. (d) Health insurance

Answer: (a) Solar energy in agriculture

PM-KUSUM (Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan) promotes solar energy in agriculture for energy and water security.

9. The NAMO Drone Didi scheme provides drones primarily to:

  1. (a) Large farmers
  2. (b) Women Self-Help Groups
  3. (c) Agricultural universities
  4. (d) Private drone companies

Answer: (b) Women Self-Help Groups

NAMO Drone Didi provides drones to Women Self-Help Groups, training women as drone pilots to offer spraying services to farmers on rent.

10. Kisan Drones in agriculture are mainly used for:

  1. (a) Transporting farmers
  2. (b) Spraying inputs and crop/soil monitoring
  3. (c) Generating electricity
  4. (d) Cold storage

Answer: (b) Spraying inputs and crop/soil monitoring

Kisan Drones are used for precision tasks like spraying fertilisers/pesticides, monitoring crop and soil health, and yield estimation.

More Indian Economy topics

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